Urine passes through a one-way valve that closes once flow has stopped, preventing odours from being emitted into the washroom. The configuration of the waste pipes usually needs to be changed as they tend to work best with no traps or u-bends. Urine alone, rather than water or dosing chemical, has to carry away the hair and other debris to the main drain. The valve is the only barrier between the foul smelling drains and the washroom, therefore its effectiveness is crucial to success. There are many valve-based products available, some more reliable than others. To avoid odour problems, the valve has to close after use, having allowed any debris to flow through without becoming stuck. As an additional measure, some products use a microbiological block to treat the urine to help prevent build up in the waste pipes.